How to Lay Roof Tiles

Laying roof tiles is a task that demands careful planning, correct preparation, and an understanding of building regulations in the UK. Whether you are replacing damaged tiles on an existing roof or tiling a new structure, the process must be carried out safely and in line with good practice to ensure the roof is watertight and durable. Although many homeowners consider it a job for professionals, some choose to tackle smaller roofing projects themselves. If you are confident working at height and have a solid understanding of the materials involved, it can be a manageable task with the right guidance.

Preparing the Roof for Tiling

Before any tiles can be laid, the roof structure itself must be secure and suitable for the chosen covering. Rafters, battens, and felt underlay all play a role in creating a stable base. Roofing felt should be properly installed to provide weather protection beneath the tiles. Battens must be evenly spaced to accommodate the dimensions of the tiles, and they should be fixed securely with galvanised nails. At this stage it is essential to ensure the roof has the correct pitch for the type of tile being used. Most manufacturers specify minimum and maximum pitch requirements, and these should always be followed to avoid water ingress or wind uplift.

Choosing the Right Roof Tiles

Roof tiles in the UK are typically clay or concrete, though slate is also widely used. Each material has its own installation requirements. Clay tiles are lightweight but can be fragile, while concrete tiles are heavier and more durable. Natural slate gives a high-quality finish but requires precise cutting and fixing. Selecting the correct tile should take into account not only appearance but also weight, as some roofs may not be designed to support heavier coverings. You should also consider the local climate and exposure, as windy coastal areas may demand more secure fixing methods.

Setting Out and Laying the First Course

The first row of tiles, known as the eaves course, is one of the most important. It establishes the alignment of the roof and ensures water drains properly into the gutter. A tiling gauge should be used to calculate the spacing between battens and courses, allowing tiles to overlap correctly. Start at the bottom edge of the roof and lay the first course, checking that each tile is straight and level. These tiles should overhang the fascia slightly to provide a drip edge into the gutter system. If these are not laid correctly, the rest of the roof will be difficult to align.

Working Up the Roof

Once the eaves course is in place, tiles can be laid upwards towards the ridge. Each row should overlap the one below it to provide effective weather protection. It is important to stagger the joints in each course to avoid vertical lines running up the roof, as this can compromise the integrity of the covering. Tiles are normally fixed with nails or clips depending on the type and location of the property. For example, properties in exposed areas often require every tile to be mechanically fixed, while more sheltered areas may only need alternate tiles secured.

Finishing the Roof Ridge and Verges

The ridge is the uppermost line of the roof where two slopes meet. Traditionally, ridge tiles are bedded in mortar, though modern dry ridge systems are increasingly popular due to their durability and reduced maintenance needs. Verges, which are the edges of the roof, must also be finished to prevent wind and rain from entering beneath the tiles. These can also be finished with mortar or a dry verge system, depending on the look and level of maintenance you prefer. A properly sealed ridge and verge are essential for protecting the structure beneath.

Building Regulations and Best Practice

In the UK, roof work is subject to building regulations, particularly in relation to structural safety, insulation, and fire performance. If you are undertaking a re-roofing project that covers more than 25 per cent of the roof, you must notify your local authority building control. This is to ensure the roof meets thermal efficiency requirements and complies with the relevant standards. It is also worth noting that some properties, especially those in conservation areas or listed buildings, may require planning permission before changing roof materials or appearance. Checking with your local planning department before starting work is always advisable.

Cost Considerations

The cost of laying roof tiles varies depending on the size of the roof, the type of tile chosen, and whether you are doing the work yourself or hiring a professional roofer. On average, labour costs for professional roof tiling can range from £150 to £250 per day, with total costs for an average semi-detached house roof reaching between £5,000 and £8,000 for a complete re-roof. If you are tackling the work yourself, you will still need to budget for scaffolding, tiles, battens, felt, fixings, and safety equipment. Cutting corners on safety or materials can be costly in the long run, so it is worth investing in the right products and protection.

Safety When Laying Roof Tiles

Working at height carries significant risk, so safety should be the top priority when laying roof tiles. Proper scaffolding must be erected to give secure access to the roof. Ladders alone are not suitable for prolonged or complex work. Roof ladders can be used for moving across the tiles without damaging them, and personal protective equipment such as gloves, hard hats, and non-slip footwear is essential. Many accidents during roof work occur due to a lack of proper access equipment, so investing in the correct setup is just as important as the materials themselves.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

One of the most frequent mistakes is failing to maintain the correct overlap between tiles. If the overlap is too shallow, rain can be driven beneath the tiles, causing leaks. Another common issue is incorrect batten spacing, which can lead to awkward cuts and misaligned courses. Rushing the installation of ridge tiles or verges can also compromise the entire roof, as these are key areas for weatherproofing. Taking the time to check alignment, fixings, and spacing throughout the job will prevent expensive problems later.

Final Thoughts

Laying roof tiles is a complex but rewarding job that requires a balance of preparation, precision, and safety. While many homeowners can manage small repairs or minor tile replacements, a full re-roof is usually best left to qualified professionals. Understanding the process, however, gives you the knowledge to make informed decisions whether you are hiring a roofer or undertaking a project yourself. A well-laid tiled roof can last for decades, protecting your home from the elements and adding value to the property.